The signal is the gap between what a child can do aloud and what reaches the page. Here is what is normal at each grade, what is not, the two-minute test to run, and how to get to an EARC assessment.
Ten minutes you read, five minutes they read, three questions after. Here is the exact home reading routine for PP2 to Grade 3, including what to do when a word goes wrong.
Grade 2 has no exam and no milestone, which is why problems go unnoticed. Here is what is assessed, why fluency and number bonds decide everything after it, and the signs worth acting on now.
The lower primary years build the reading and number foundations everything later depends on. A practical home guide for Kenyan parents of Grade 1, 2 and 3.